Evolve Endocrine Practice Test

Cortisol is primarily regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This hormone plays a crucial role in the body's stress response and is involved in various metabolic processes, including glucose metabolism, immune regulation, and blood pressure maintenance. The HPA axis functions through a feedback loop where the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), stimulating the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then prompts the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol.

The precise regulation by the HPA axis ensures that cortisol levels fluctuate appropriately in response to stressors and other physiological demands, helping to maintain homeostasis. This regulation is vital for various body functions, as an imbalance in cortisol can lead to conditions such as Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency. Understanding the role of the HPA axis and cortisol is essential for recognizing its impact on health and disease.

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