What are the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency?

Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of the hormones cortisol and, in some cases, aldosterone. The symptoms associated with this condition stem primarily from insufficient cortisol levels, which play a crucial role in the body's response to stress, metabolism, and maintaining blood pressure.

Fatigue is a prominent symptom as the body may struggle to perform normal functions without adequate cortisol, leading to a constant sense of tiredness. Weight loss can occur due to the body's inability to regulate metabolism properly, and this can often be accompanied by a decreased appetite. Low blood pressure is another key indicator of adrenal insufficiency; without enough cortisol, blood vessels may not constrict adequately, leading to hypotension, especially in times of stress or illness.

The other symptoms listed in the other answer choices do not accurately reflect the hallmark characteristics of adrenal insufficiency. Rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, and mood swings are more indicative of conditions like hyperthyroidism or adrenal overactivity. Symptoms like dry skin, insomnia, and weight gain suggest hormonal imbalances possibly related to other endocrine disorders but do not specifically point to adrenal insufficiency. Similarly, nasal congestion, swollen glands, and fever are more aligned with infections or immune responses rather than adrenal function. Thus, the symptoms