What is the function of the adrenal cortex?

The function of the adrenal cortex is primarily to produce steroid hormones, which include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, play a vital role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as aiding in the body's response to stress and inflammation. Mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone, are crucial for maintaining electrolyte balance and regulating blood pressure by controlling sodium and potassium levels in the blood.

While the adrenal medulla, another component of the adrenal glands, is responsible for producing catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline, the adrenal cortex focuses on the production of steroids. Additionally, although blood sugar regulation is influenced by the broader function of hormones released by the adrenal cortex (particularly glucocorticoids), it is not the primary role of the cortex itself. The adrenal cortex does contribute to managing the body's response to stress by releasing these hormones, but its unique role emphasizes the production of steroid hormones, which is critical for various physiological processes.