What should a nurse monitor for a client experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis after treatment initiation?

Monitoring electrolytes and glucose levels after the initiation of treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is crucial due to several reasons. In DKA, the body experiences significant shifts in fluid and electrolytes because of hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency. As treatment begins, typically with insulin and intravenous fluids, glucose levels will decrease. It's vital to monitor these levels closely to ensure they are returning to a normal range and to prevent hypoglycemia, which can occur if insulin is administered too aggressively.

Electrolyte imbalances, particularly with potassium, are a significant concern during DKA treatment. Insulin administration facilitates the shift of potassium back into cells, potentially leading to hypokalemia, which can have serious cardiac implications. Therefore, regular monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential to manage any imbalances that may develop during treatment.

While monitoring blood pressure and heart rate is important in managing DKA, it does not address the most critical immediate complications associated with fluid and electrolyte shifts occurring during the treatment phase. Liver function tests and kidney function assessments are relevant but not as immediate as tracking glucose and electrolytes in the context of DKA treatment.