Which hormone is primarily responsible for glucose uptake in cells?

Insulin is the primary hormone responsible for facilitating glucose uptake in cells. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. When you consume carbohydrates, glucose levels in the bloodstream rise, triggering the release of insulin. Insulin binds to receptors on the surface of various cells, particularly muscle and fat cells, which then allows glucose to enter these cells to be used for energy or stored for future use as glycogen.

This action of insulin is vital not only for providing energy to cells but also for maintaining overall glucose homeostasis in the body. Without adequate insulin function, conditions such as insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus can develop, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and associated health complications.

Other hormones listed, such as glucagon, cortisol, and adrenaline, play different roles in glucose metabolism. Glucagon works to raise blood sugar levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver when glucose is low. Cortisol, known for its role in stress response, increases glucose availability during times of stress but does not directly mediate cellular glucose uptake. Adrenaline also stimulates the release of glucose from glycogen stores and promotes energy availability during "fight or flight" situations. However, none of these hormones directly facilitate